1. |
| Why should resources be prepared prior to the start of activities? So that the procedure runs smoothly without any interuptions. This is important because the procedure may be aceptic and any breaks in it may increace chance of cross-infection to maximise professional appearance
|
2. |
| Why must the patient’s consent be confirmed prior to the start of any activity?
|
3. |
| What is an ‘aseptic technique’? |
4. |
| List the ways in which an aseptic technique can be breached accidentally.
Not washing hand at appropriate times before, during or after the procedure Not checking to see if resourse have not exceeded thier expiry date Accidental touching of sterile and non-sterile surfaces Surfaces used have not been cleaned adequately prior to the start of the procedure
|
5. |
| What should you do if this happens?
|
6. |
| You have been asked to get a trolley ready for a patient’s wound dressing. Describe how you will do this. Clean the trolley using hot water and detergent. Disposable cloths/paper towels must be used to wash/dry the trolley. New cloths/towels must be used for each area of the trolley cleaned. After it has been cleaned, each are of the trolley must not be touched again.
|
7. |
| Describe how you would prepare a patient for a clinical activity commonly undertaken in your work area. Explain the procedure fully so that the client can give their full informed concent. Once this has been obtained, then position the client appropriately for the given procedure. At all stages, give reassurance and explanation to ensure informed consent and minimize anxiety
|
8. |
| What effect may a patient’s personal beliefs or preferences have on preparing them for and undertaking clinical activities? Certain client may need a procedure undertaker to be of a certain gender under certain circumstances. For example, a muslim lady may require a female to catheterise her and her husband to chaperone. Some procedures may be best performed if an individual wears a certain type of clothing. If a client choose to wear her/his own clothing then this must be accepted.
|
9. |
| Describe the difference between hazardous and non-hazardous waste.
Hardous Waste This waste can cause harm to individuals if it is in an inappropriate place. Body products, because they may contain blood and/or pathogens may cause harm if injested/inoculated into another person. it is important to dispose of them according to trust procedure.
Non-hazarous Waste This includes substance that, on therei won dare not dangerous! Water, when used properly, is not hazardous. Bu5t when it is spilt on the flor it becomes hazardous.
|
10. |
| List the legislation and Trust policies/procedures relating to the disposal of waste. Trust head quaters Ward manager's office
|
11. |
| Describe how you would obtain a specimen from a patient and send it to the laboratory.
- Explain procedure to ensure informed consent.
- Maintaining asepsis and using universal precausions (as required) obtain specimen and place in appropriate container
- This container must be labeled appropriated and be place in an appropriate form/have an appropriate form attatched to it.
- It must be place in the correct place safely to be taken to the destination required
- The fact that the specimen has been taken is written in the care plan
|
12. |
| Describe how you would take a patient’s temperature. Gain client consent but explaining fully the procedure. Find out the most appropriate method of taking the temperature for the specific client. Undertake the proceure, making sure that a full expanation is given at all times. record the result on the appropriate place in the care plan. dispose of any contaminated equipment as appropriate. document any adnormalities and consult the Registered Nurse
|
13. |
| What is the normal body temperature when taken: a) orally? b) axillary? c) rectally?
|
14. |
| What does the term ‘pyrexia’ mean?
|
15. |
| At what stage would a patient be considered to be pyrexial?
See question 14 Also a client may appear excessively hot and sweaty. the client may also be felling cold. the client should be encourage to remove excessively warm clothing/bed covering. if the client is unwilling to do this for whatever resoan, explain that this is important for their well-bing and infromt the registerd nurse
|
16. |
| List the common causes of pyrexia.
|
17. |
| What symptoms does a pyrexia produce?
|
18. |
| What does the term ‘hypothermia’ mean?
|
19. |
| At what stage would a patient be considered to be hypothermic? |
20. |
| What symptoms does ‘hypothermia’ produce?
|
21. |
| Describe how you would care for a: a) pyrexial patient? Fundamental care would consist of:- Leave client with only minimal clothing and coverings whilst maximising dignity Offer the use of a fan Offer the use of a wet flannel Encourage fluid consumption Check temperature regularly and other observations regularly
b) hypothermic patient? Inform qualified nurse on duty Use extra layers of blankets In a clinical setting, the use of a temperature rasing fan system may be used at the advice of the doctor or nurse. Check temperature and other observations regularly
|
22. |
| List the different factors that may affect a patient’s temperature. - Room temperature
- Client's ability to maintain a safe environment (client's ability to put extra clothes on if cold and take them off if too hot
- Mobility
- Client's neurological staus. If the client has hyperthalmic deficits, then internal temperature regulation may be affected so physical help may be required to regulate temperature.
- Physiological status. The client may have infection or other contdition which may cause temperature changes
|
23. |
| Describe how you would take a patient’s pulse and the observations you would make.
|
24. |
| What are the normal pulse rate ranges for: a) infants? b) children? c) adults?
|
25. |
| What does the term ‘tachycardia’ mean?
|
26. |
| What does ‘bradycardia’ mean?
|
27. |
| Briefly explain why a patient may be: a) tachycardic b) bradycardic.
|
28. |
| Describe how you would measure a patient’s respiration rate and the observations you would make. Taking a client's r3esperation is the only time tht it acceptable to uyndertake a procedure without first gaining the client's permision. this is due to thhe fact thahe fact taht saying you are going to count respirations can cause the client to focus on their respirationr4y rate. this may meant that clients breath at a faster rate/sowlerrate than they wouldbne normally and not give an acurate reading normally, during observation recording, at some point, the respiration rate is usually taken. whilst taking the client's pulse can be ver advetaigous as the client is being quiet while the pulse is being taken. they are not concentrating one their breaything so ther respirateory rate is considered to be as normal iasi it can be. Ideally, the respiatoryu rate is messured for one minute. it is consderto be the number of inspiations and expireataions in one minute.
|
29. |
| List the different factors which may affect a patient’s respiration rate.
|
30. |
| What is a blood pressure?
|
31. |
| Describe how you would take a patient’s blood pressure and the observations you would make.
|
32. |
| In what ranges does a normal blood pressure fall for: a) infants? b) children? c) adults?
|
33. |
| What does the term ‘hypertension’ mean?
|
34. |
| What symptoms may a hypertensive patient show?
|
35. |
| What does the term ‘hypotension’ mean?
|
36. |
| What symptoms may a hypotensive patient show?
|
37. |
| List the different factors that may affect a patient’s blood pressure.
|
38. |
| Describe how you would measure a patient’s blood glucose level.
|
39. |
| What is the normal range for blood glucose?
|
40. |
| What does the term ‘hyperglycaemic’ mean?
|
41. |
| What symptoms may a hyperglycaemic patient show?
|
42. |
| What does the term ‘hypoglycaemia’ mean?
|
43. |
| What symptoms may a hypoglycaemic patient show?
|
44. |
| List the different factors that may affect a patient’s blood glucose level.
|
45. |
| Describe how you would undertake a urinalysis and the general observations you would make.
|
46. |
| When performing a urinalysis, what may the presence of the following indicate: a) pH? b) ¯ pH? c) ketones? d) glucose? e) blood? f) protein?
|
47. |
| What do you do with the results of your measurements (eg TPR, blood glucose, urinalysis, etc)?
|
48. |
| What would you do differently if any of these results were abnormal?
|
49. |
| If you felt unsure of a procedure, how would you obtain the appropriate information?
|
50. |
| Briefly explain why it is important to follow procedures for clinical activities as specified?
|
51. |
| What should you do if you are unable to obtain a patient’s clinical observations or specimen as requested?
If the observation/specimen was omitted, then this fact should be mentioned to the qualified nurse. if necessary, it may be necessary for it to be recorded in the care plan that the test is still required If the client declines the test to be undertaken, then the client has the right to decline. In this case it ismportant to explain to the clint that it si medically importatn for the tst toe be undetaken. if they still declin it must be repoorted to the regerestered nurse and recorded in the care plan. if the observation is realy vital then it may be necessary for the fact to bepassed on to te doctor
|
52. |
| List the clinical observations commonly undertaken in your work area.
|
